Russian government should do everything possible to be sure that this modernization speeches and slogans coming from the top, would not remain just words which slowly vanishing in the "fog". And while, I firmly believe, that the government should play the leading role in this process, the real modernization must be performed by engineers and scientists and not by the party bureaucrats on their meetings. As such, I think, three key elements needs to be in place: a) government initiated and funded global (high-scale) projects and fundamental research; b) comfortable environment for private businesses; c) mechanisms to protect and encourage innovators and designers -- intellectual property must be guarded by the government (by law); differently, if someone puts efforts and creates something new, that person must be sure that he/she will be more rich than those who are stealing from them. I do not believe in modernization conducted by politicians. The role of politicians just to create proper environment for scientists and engineers to perform their magic...