Handley was charged under the Protect Act of 2003, which makes illegal any sexually explicit artwork that does not have “serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value.” His sentencing on Feb. 15 to six months in prison makes him the first person to go to prison for possessing cartoons.

Handley’s defenders draw a line between pictures of actual people and stylized drawings. In an article on the Comic Alliance Web site, Laura Hudson writes “The most important difference between child pornography and drawings, of course, is that making child porn involves the abuse of real children, while drawings are not people and so creating them involves no abuse. “

In an interview with Wired magazine, Charles Brownstein, executive director of the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund, implied that Handley should be considered an art collector.

“This art that this man possessed as part of a larger collection of manga … is now the basis for [a sentence] designed to protect children from abuse,” said Brownstein.

Other supporters focused on the free speech implications of the conviction. The person behind the blog Ogiue Maniax wrote: “I do not ask comics to be like literature or high art, but what I do hope is that comics, comic creators, and comic readers as a whole can achieve all of the possibilities of the medium without having to worry about their ideas being considered too ‘obscene’ or ‘wrong.’”

Christopher Macdonald from the Anime News Network told RT: “Most anime and manga fans aren’t collecting that sort of material but still no actual children were harmed in the making of this material. This case is really part of a conflict between freedom of expression and obscenity laws.”

Macdonald also pointed out that American sensibilities may also have played a role in the conviction.

“Ther are Definitely cultural difference at play here,” said Macdonald. “North America has a different viewpoint on pornography and obscenity whereas in Japan many other places, it’s deemed harmless even if it’s deemed disgusting.”