Israeli politics took a sudden turn on the day of the US presidential election. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu dismissed his defense minister, Yoav Gallant.
Netanyahu announced his decision to appoint Foreign Minister Israel Katz as the new defense minister. Gideon Sa’ar, a former member of Netanyahu’s Likud party and now the leader of the political platform New Hope, has been appointed as Israel’s new foreign minister. At the end of September, Sa’ar stated that he had declined the position of defense minister, which Netanyahu had reportedly offered him.
Over the past year, there were frequent conflicts between Netanyahu and Gallant. Notably, the prime minister mentioned that there were too many disagreements between them on the conduct of military operations. The decision to replace Gallant with Katz marked an unexpected shift in Israeli politics. This step comes amid growing international pressure on Israel, the lack of significant military achievements in conflicts with Gaza and Lebanon, and Türkiye’s recent appeal to the United Nations to halt arms supplies to Israel. The timing, coinciding with election day in the US – where Netanyahu’s relations with the Democratic Party remain strained – appeared to signal his readiness for a potential Democratic victory led by Kamala Harris.
Gallant, who had held the position since December 29, 2022, was known for his firm stance on security and defense matters. Previously, from 2005 to 2010, he served as commander of the Israel Defense Forces’ Southern Command, where he established himself as a seasoned military leader, playing a crucial role in planning and executing operations in the region. Throughout his career, Gallant faced numerous challenges related to ensuring the security of Israel’s southern territories, including border conflicts and threats from radical groups in Gaza.
Although Gallant’s dismissal came as a surprise to many, one thing is certain: the Israeli authorities are preparing for a de-escalation of the current regional tensions. This is also hinted at by the appointment of the former foreign minister in Gallant’s stead, who is expected to defuse the situation and prepare both the military and the nation for a resolution of the conflicts with Gaza and Lebanon.
The removal of Yoav Gallant can be attributed to several factors. First, the absence of notable military victories under his leadership drew criticism from the public and from political rivals. The military operations, which began in October 2023, have continued for over a year, highlighting the protracted nature of the conflict. During this period, Israel has suffered significant losses: around 2,000 Israelis have died, including 756 military personnel and police officers. Additionally, more than 10,000 people have been displaced from their homes in the northern and eastern parts of the country.
The prolonged nature of the conflict and the significant number of casualties in Gaza and Lebanon, have raised concerns among Israel’s Western allies. International organizations such as the United Nations and Human Rights Watch have voiced apprehension regarding the humanitarian consequences of the military operations. Several Western nations are urging Israel to exercise restraint and seek diplomatic solutions, reflecting criticism of the current military strategy.
The protracted conflict in Gaza and Lebanon is exerting considerable negative pressure on Israel’s economy. In the second quarter of 2024, economic growth declined by 1.5 points compared to the same period the previous year, signaling an approach toward stagnation. A labor shortage exceeding 4.5% has been driven by the mobilization of reservists and restricted access for Palestinian workers, leading to decreased productivity and rising inflation.
International credit rating agencies have responded to Israel’s worsening economic situation. In August 2024, Fitch downgraded Israel’s sovereign credit rating from A+ to A with a negative outlook, citing escalating geopolitical risks and increased defense expenditures. In September 2024, Moody’s followed suit by lowering Israel’s rating from A2 to Baa1, noting that further escalation with Hezbollah could result in additional downgrades. In October 2024, S&P Global Ratings also downgraded Israel’s rating from A+ to A, maintaining a negative outlook.
The surge in military expenditures has placed a significant strain on the national budget. According to S&P, Israel’s budget deficit in 2024 is projected to reach 9% of GDP, far surpassing the planned 6.6%. The increase in defense and social spending is intensifying economic pressures and could lead to a rise in public debt.
The downgraded credit ratings and unstable geopolitical climate are dampening the investment environment. Foreign investors are showing increased caution, leading to capital outflows and a reduction in foreign direct investment. Financial markets are reacting with heightened volatility, while the national currency weakens, compounding the economic challenges.
The appointment of Israel Katz as defense minister can be seen as an attempt by Netanyahu to strengthen Israel’s standing on the international stage. Katz, with his experience as Foreign Minister, is poised to bolster the country’s diplomatic efforts in response to criticism and potential sanctions. His skills in international negotiations may assist in easing tensions and seeking new allies or reinforcing existing partnerships.
In recent months, Israel has faced serious challenges on the international stage, reflected in mass protests, legal actions, and diplomatic initiatives against its policies.
In response to Israel’s actions in Gaza, massive demonstrations have taken place in Western capitals and other major cities worldwide. In London, Paris, Berlin, and beyond, thousands have taken to the streets to show solidarity with Palestinians and denounce Israeli military operations. These protests signal growing discontent among the international public with Israel’s policies.
On December 29, 2023, South Africa filed a case with the International Court of Justice (ICJ), accusing Israel of violating the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. South Africa argues that Israel’s actions in Gaza may qualify as acts of genocide. In October 2024, South Africa submitted a memorandum to the court containing evidence to support its case.
The International Criminal Court (ICC) is also investigating accusations against Israel for alleged war crimes in the Palestinian territories. Although Israel does not recognize the jurisdiction of the ICC, the investigation continues, intensifying international pressure on the country.
Türkiye has appealed to the United Nations, calling for a ban on arms supplies to Israel, citing the necessity of preventing further military action against Palestinians. This appeal reflects the increasing concern within the international community regarding the escalation of the conflict and Israel’s role in it.
These developments point to Israel’s growing diplomatic isolation. International protests, legal challenges, and diplomatic initiatives could have a detrimental effect on the country’s defense capabilities, restricting access to military resources and allied support.
In this context, appointing an experienced diplomat as defense minister may be a strategic measure aimed at countering international pressure and strengthening Israel’s support on the global stage. The new minister’s diplomatic expertise could enhance Israel’s engagement with international organizations and states, as well as mitigate criticism directed at the country.
Domestically, the dismissal of Gallant and the appointment of Katz as defense minister can be seen as Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s attempt to demonstrate decisiveness and readiness for change amid mounting pressure from both political opponents and segments of the public. This move is aimed not only at reinforcing public trust in the government but also at solidifying its position in the face of both internal and external challenges, including deteriorating security conditions and increasing criticism of current policies.
Amid growing social polarization and prolonged political crises that have intensified over recent years, such government reshuffles evoke mixed reactions. Some view this as an effort to showcase new approaches and underline a commitment to reforms, while others see it as a superficial measure that fails to address the country’s deeper issues. The debate over whether these personnel changes can genuinely alter the situation becomes particularly pertinent against the backdrop of the high costs of ongoing military campaigns, economic difficulties, and weakened social cohesion.
Gallant’s dismissal, given his reputation for a hardline stance on security, may be perceived as an attempt to shift public focus and find a scapegoat for recent shortcomings. His departure gives the impression of the government seeking to defuse tension and redistribute responsibility, which, according to some analysts, allows Netanyahu to preserve his political capital and reduce the risk of direct criticism. However, critics argue that such a strategy may only temporarily ease tensions without addressing the core issues of governance and strategic planning.
In this context, Katz’s appointment appears to be an effort to bring in a new figure who could propose alternative approaches to the existing challenges but also raises questions about his capacity to tackle the pressing issues of national security and political stability. The deepening societal divide in light of these changes becomes even more pronounced, underscoring the complex and multifaceted nature of internal contradictions and the political calculations of the government.
With these developments, it is evident that Netanyahu’s moves are aimed at maintaining control over the situation and preventing further escalation of internal tension. However, there is a risk that replacing the defense minister without fundamental strategic shifts may fail to yield the desired results. The societal divide, driven by a combination of military, economic, and social challenges, poses a formidable task for the Israeli government – to retain public trust, stabilize the economy, and restore international support.