Hundreds of European Muslims have joined the Syrian rebels in their fight against the rule of Bashar Assad, the latest study reveals. Most of them hold UK passports.
An estimate of the International Centre of for the Study of
Radicalization (ICRS), based on more than 450 open sources, has
found that up to 5,500 foreign fighters have traveled to Syria
since the beginning of the uprising against the ruling regime. Of
them, up to 11 per cent originate from Europe.
"Between 140 and 600 Europeans have gone to Syria since early 2011," researcher Aaron Y. Zelin says.
Britain accounts for the biggest number of arrivals, with up to
134 people joining the cause. The Netherlands comes second with up
to 107 people, next are France (up to 92), Belgium (up to 85) and
Denmark (up to 78).
"As with previous conflicts, the picture is far from complete and will probably remain so for years to come," said Zelin on the numbers presented in the study.
"There is no 'true census' of foreign fighters, and publicly available sources are inevitably incomplete."
The research suggests most foreigners have not yet returned to
their home countries.
"Based on the conflict totals, we estimate that 70 to 441 Europeans are still currently present in Syria," ICSR report states. "This suggests that most of the Europeans who have travelled to Syria are still on the battlefield."
Some of the data for the research was pulled from the so-called online martyrdom notices of jihadists, ideologically affiliated with Al-Qaeda. Out of 249 such martyrdom notices, about 3 per cent identify countries of origin as European. People travelled "to die in Syria" from Albania, Britain, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Kosovo, Spain and Sweden.
The researchers say, neither political motivations, nor jihadist
ideology are among the primary reasons for the people to go to
Syria, but the atrocities of war.
"The most commonly cited
reasons for joining rebel forces are the horrific images of the
conflict, stories about atrocities committed by government forces,
and the perceived lack of support from Western and Arab
countries," ICSR reports explains.
"In many cases, these individuals
fully adopt the jihadist doctrine and ideology only when they are
on the ground and in contact with hardened fighters."
This 'ideological' borrowing cannot but worry the European
governments. For instance, the Netherlands raised the threat of a
terror attack to "substantial" last month, saying the increased
risk stemmed mainly from jihadists returning from fighting in
Syria. British security services are also concerned the returnees
may use their military know-how to wreak havoc back
home.
The researchers, however, do not believe there is an immediate
connection between fighting in Syria and terrorism in
Europe.
"Not everyone who has joined
the Syrian rebels is Al-Qaeda, and only a small number may ever
become involved in terrorism after returning to Europe,"
Zelin said.
"That said, it would be wrong to
conclude that individuals who have trained and fought in Syria pose
no potential threat," he remarked. He pointed at the
recently-published research by the Norwegian academic Thomas
Hegghammer, which reveals that terrorists with foreign experience
are far more lethal, dangerous and sophisticated than purely
domestic cells.