The Russian president has signed a decree firing Moscow Mayor Yury Luzhkov, who was in power for almost two decades.
Dmitry Medvedev says he did so due to a loss of confidence in the city's top official.
“I decided to dismiss the mayor of Moscow. The decree I signed states that I, as President, have lost trust in Yury Luzhkov. And it is a legal reason for his dismissal. It has happened for the first time but I don't rule out that such cases might happen again. I cannot work with officials I cannot trust,” stated Dmitry Medvedev.
The president has appointed first deputy mayor Vladimir Resin acting mayor of Moscow.
Commenting on Luzhkov’s dismissal, Vladimir Putin acknowledged that he had done a lot for the development of Moscow, but forgot about the boundaries in his defiance.
"It is quite obvious that there was a strain in Moscow mayor's relations with the president, but the mayor is subordinate to the president, not the other way round. He should have taken the necessary steps to normalize the situation on time.”
Putin added that he and President Medvedev have already discussed candidates for the mayor’s post, but the decision on the matter is yet to be made.
Medvedev’s press secretary Natalya Timakova told reporters in Shanghai on Tuesday that the president was not planning to meet with Luzhkov. She added that Luzhkov had been granted a vacation to make a decision on his retirement.
The spokeswoman reminded that, according to Russian law, the head of a Federal Region can lose his post either after seeking dismissal or by the order of the head of state. Timakova said that after Luzhkov made his position clear on Monday, it was for the reporters to make conclusions.
Apart from losing his post, Luzhkov also lost his place in the United Russia party. However, in this case the decision was his own. The former mayor accused the party of failing to demonstrate support for him while several major Russian TV channels aired reports about his wrongdoings.
United Russia party member Konstantin Kosachev said that, despite his colleagues’ efforts, Luzhkov had lost connection with reality.
“The decision of the president about the dismissal of Mr. Luzhkov was not unexpected for the United Russia party,” he said. “We were informed about the ongoing problems and the major problem was quite simple – the mayor of Moscow did lose his interconnection with the people of Moscow. The problems inhabitants of Moscow experienced the last years were quite obvious. We in the United Russia party tried to explain the developing, emerging problems to Mr. Luzhkov, but unfortunately he would not listen to us.”
Luzhkov’s controversial legacy
Yury Luzhkov held the mayor’s post for 18 years. Throughout these years he managed both to maintain good relations with the country’s leaders and to gain support from voters due to populist policy sponsored by the city’s budget.
However, Russian and foreign media have repeatedly reported that Luzhkov had used the economic potential of the post to the full. According to these reports, Luzhkov started making his fortune on the economic crisis of the late nineties. Most multi-million construction projects in Moscow are believed to have no other point but a cover up for his money laundering. The money that the Russian government annually allocates to improve infrastructure rarely makes it to the ramshackle roads of Moscow.
While the country was losing money during the economic downturn in 2009, Luzhkov's income increased.
“There are lots of problems in the city. Namely: there is no affordable housing for Muscovites, there is a problem of people being cheated by the construction [companies’] pyramids,” named a few of the capital’s problems billionaire Aleksandr Lebedev, Moscow mayoral candidate in 2003. “These two – and others – have to be dealt with before any question about the future employment of the mayor to be discussed.”
The former mayor claims it is not his money but his wife’s – Elena Baturina – who is Russia's only female billionaire. She owns a property development company and many claim it was Luzhkov's political clout that landed her the deals.
However, money laundering is not the only thing Yury Luzhkov is being accused of.
Both in Russia and abroad Luzhkov is known for his strong anti gay stance. He has never officially allowed marches to be held in the city, and has instead cracked down several times on gay pride parades.
This summer many blamed him for mishandling the severe smog situation in Moscow. The city chocked on toxic smoke for almost a month as wildfires raged while he was on vacation out of the city. Criticism that Luzhkov concentrated more on his own health than that of the city's residents was widespread.
“Of course every specialist should be responsible for what they are entrusted with,” Vadim Zavodchenkov from the Independent Weather Information Service pointed out. “If, for example, a mayor of Moscow comes back from holidays the next day the smog over the capital has dissolved, which was the case this time, I think this is unacceptable. He should have been here half an hour after the smog came.”
Another thing Luzhkov has drawn criticism for is the deconstruction of the city's historical and architectural heritage. As a result, his firing notwithstanding, Luzhkov’s imprint is likely to remain on the streets of the Russian capital for years to come.
The removal of the mayor has been met with mixed reaction from Muscovites.
Others, however, were not so elated.
“Of course there were problems during Luzhkov’s reign,” another Muscovite said. “But I personally believe that he has done a lot for Moscow. I now live in an almost European city.”
“When he came to his position in Moscow, there was chaos. He did do something, but you can't stay in one place for too long. His age and strong family ties played against him, the city now looks neglected – he didn't reconstruct the roads, he prefers building hotels,” a man told RT.
“I can't say whether Luzhkov is good or bad, he is a very contradictory person, like any of us. There are many things in Moscow I am against – like the newcomers who are now like hosts making us feel like guests. I am against such a barbaric reconstruction of Moscow, but of course, there were many positive things during his term, like social programs, for example,” a woman shared.
Experts' opinion
Luzhkov’s charisma is one of the reasons for his enduring popularity, says Olga Kamenchuk, a sociologist from the Public Opinion Research Center.
She helped RT explore the reasons behind the differing views of Luzhkov on the streets of Moscow.
As Muscovites weighed in on their mayor's sacking, Jonathan Sanders, a former CBS correspondent in Moscow, described the ousted chief as simultaneously a Renaissance prince and Robin Hood.“Over 18 years Yuri Mikhailovich was a combination of four kinds of people,” Sanders told RT. “He was really a Renaissance prince running a city-state. He was, in American terms, a combination of Mayor Daley and Robert Moses, the great city builder who ruthlessly did things. He was a little dictator. He was a kind of Robin Hood. He would put his finger on the pals around the throne, the new landlords, the people building buildings, making money in Moscow and forced them to do other things.”
In the 1990s Yury Luzhkov was very popular because he was a very stable person in a very unstable country – therefore Moscow was stable in comparison to other parts of Russia, notes Reinhard Krumm, Head of the Moscow office of a German Friedrich-Ebert Political Foundation.
Now, however, there has been a change to the political landscape and the mayor of Moscow has not taken that into consideration.
“Because Moscow is the center of Russia and a lot of investment is going into the country it needs a different approach to infrastructure than in the 1990s, and in that sense Moscow is lagging behind. That is why the President and the Prime Minister are thinking of changing that and that is not possible with former mayor Luzhkov,” Krumm shared his view.
“Certainly, Luzhkov has been in power for too long. I think if he left five or six years ago, his legacy will be judged in a lot more positive way than now,” said Dmitry Babich, political analyst from RIA Novosti news agency.
All governors who attempted to also be politicians, some seven of them, were step-by-step removed by Dmitry Medvedev and pensioned off. In no case did it lead to any negative political or economic consequences in the regions, so Moscow will be no exception to the rule, Babich believes.
“President Medvedev has shown his will and his political maturity by [firing Luzhkov]”, he concluded.
Keeping in mind the general difficulties that local businessmen encountered dealing with the former Moscow mayor’s administration and the way Luzhkov used to gum up foreign investors starting businesses in the Russian capital, the business community of Moscow believes that Luzhkov is a “greater evil” – and whoever the new mayor will be, he could not be possibly worse than the former, shared Vladimir Rozhankovsky, head of research at Nord Capital Investment Company.
“In terms of business transparency, in terms of anti-corruption initiative [the new mayor] must be backed up by President Medvedev,” Rozhankovsky said. “The new nominee would probably fight the corruption system thriving in Moscow – that is the number one priority – and the big business in Moscow is very much hopeful the new nominee will start his activity with this.”
There is now widespread speculation about what Luzhkov might do in the future. Concerning his further political role of Luzhkov, Michael Binyon, an editorial writer for The London Times newspaper and former Moscow correspondent, says “the main thing is that he is not young and it’s not the time to start a new party at that age.”
“He would have to go into opposition,” Binyon said. “I do not think many existing opposition groups would welcome his support. He would be seen as a divisive figure.”