The House of Representatives voted to pass the USA Freedom Act on Wednesday, approving a bill that would change the way the National Security Agency gathers telephone data of American citizens. The bill now heads to the Senate.
The USA Freedom Act was passed overwhelmingly with 338 votes in favor and 88 against. Despite criticism that the legislation falls short of protecting Americans’ rights, the bill was approved without any amendments.
BREAKING: House passes USA #FreedomAct by vote of 338-88. The buck has been passed to the Senate. What it should do: https://t.co/QTshhYr543
— ACLU National (@ACLU) May 13, 2015
Under the bill, the NSA would be prohibited from collecting telephone metadata under the Patriot Act. Instead, the agency would have to acquire a warrant every time it wanted to access phone records, which would be held by telephone companies. Officials would need to submit data requests via keywords in order to collect relevant data from companies.
The bill would also reform the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISA Court) by setting up a five-person panel that would offer advise when intelligence agencies are seeking new interpretations of existing law. Some court rulings would need to be declassified.
First time since 9/11 that powers justified in the name of terrorism will be reduced rather than increased https://t.co/1gSjwyTbBs
— Glenn Greenwald (@ggreenwald) May 13, 2015
It's unclear whether or not the bill has the support to make it through the Senate. Majority Leader Mitch McConnel (R-Ky.) has promoted the idea of simply extending the Patriot Act, but Senators Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) and Rand Paul (R-Ky.) have both threatened to filibuster any bill that doesn't reform the NSA in some way.
I voted against PATRIOT Act reauthorization. I won't compromise protection of basic fundamental privacy. You deserve better. #USAFreedomAct
— Earl Blumenauer (@repblumenauer) May 13, 2015
Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner (R-Wis.), the original author of the Patriot Act, had previously called the Freedom Act an improvement on current law, particularly since he never intended for the NSA to use the Patriot Act to conduct mass surveillance.
READ MORE: House lawmakers mull reform to rein in NSA dragnet surveillance
“The bill ends bulk collection, it ends secret law,” he said. “It increases the transparency of our intelligence community and it does all this without compromising national security.”
However, privacy advocates have criticized the bill for not reining the NSA in further. The Freedom Act ends the NSA's bulk collection of telephone metadata, but it does not address the agency's online surveillance or other controversial programs.
A recent ruling by a federal appeals court also found that the NSA is not authorized to collect telephone data under the Patriot Act, bolstering lawmakers and organizations who want to see stricter limits placed on the agency. In fact, the digital rights group Electronic Frontier Foundation rescinded its support for the Freedom Act this week as a result of the ruling, arguing that more needs to be done.
“In light of the Second Circuit’s decision, EFF asks Congress to strengthen its proposed reform of Section 215, the USA Freedom Act,” the organization said this week. “Pending those improvements, EFF is withdrawing our support of the bill. We’re urging Congress to roll the draft back to the stronger and meaningful reforms included in the 2013 version of USA Freedom and affirmatively embrace the Second Circuit’s opinion on the limits of Section 215.”
Representative Justin Amash (R-Mich.) also called for reverting to the 2013 draft of the bill, arguing that the current version actually authorized bulk collection of Americans’ data.
“HR 2048 falls woefully short of reining in the mass collection of Americans’ data, and it takes us a step in the wrong direction by specifically authorizing such collection in violation of the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution,” Amash wrote on his Facebook page.
Today, you will read all sorts of stories and tweets about how #USAFreedomAct ends "bulk" collection. It doesn't: https://t.co/xtuUZ47B0I.
— Justin Amash (@justinamash) May 13, 2015
“The bill's sponsors, and unfortunately some outside advocacy groups, wrongly claim that HR 2048 ends ‘bulk’ collection,” Amash wrote. “It's true that the bill ends the phone dragnet as we currently know it—by having the phone companies themselves hold, search, and analyze certain data at the request of the government, which is worse in many ways given the broader set of data the companies hold—but HR 2048 actually expands the statutory basis for the large-scale collection of most data.”
The bill does this by giving the government authority to order the companies to turn over the data based upon a “specific selection term,” like a keyword used in the search engine, he explained. Using this language, nothing in the bill appears to prevent the government from having a provider turn over all of their records for all of their customers in a certain state, for example.
“Only a politician or bureaucrat wouldn't call that ‘bulk,’” wrote Amash.